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Maritime Security MTSA: Another Key Layer of Port Security By Chris Doane & Joe DiRenzo III The Layered Defense. This classic military strategy has been used as a primary approach for defend- ing a valuable target, infrastructure or piece of property for centuries. Medieval rulers had wide moats and drawbridges surrounding their castles, followed by high walls and armies ready with flaming arrows or large caldrons of hot metal ready to dump on the attack- ing force to slow their advances. Modern day security barriers are now a fixture at every U.S. embassy around the world. The idea of a layered defense has been a primary tactic that have served military commanders well. The layered defense strategy is also a cornerstone of security in the maritime arena, especially in the United States following the cowardly attack on the USS COLE. Critics and advocates alike agree that there have been tremendous advances in maritime security over the past two years throughout the United States, its' Commonwealths and Territories. Several steps have con- tributed to this advance, however, one specific action stands out, the imple- mentation of the Maritime Transportation Security Act or 2002 (MTSA). Signed into law by President Bush on November 25, 2002, the MTSA represents one of the most comprehen- sive and important steps forward in meeting the President's and the Department of Homeland Security's lay- ered security plan for our ports and waterways. Since the tragic events of September 11, 2001 the Coast Guard has led a coalition of government agencies, mar- itime industries and the boating public in an ongoing effort to strengthen the security of the maritime transportation system. The eyes and ears of maritime law enforcement have been given a tremendous boost as legitimate maritime users from recreational sailors off of Martha's Vineyard, to fishermen near the Golden Gate Bridge to the crew of a dive boat off the Florida Keys report unusual activities. Maritime industries have voluntarily reinforced their securi- ty operations to prevent terrorist attacks. Federal, state and local law enforcement agencies have reenergized their focus on maritime security by increasing their presence on the water and along the waterfront. While all of these efforts have improved maritime security, they lacked a formal framework to ensure coordination and a proper distribution of March 2004 responsibility and accountability. The MTSA provides this formal framework. In regards to port and waterway secu- rity. the MTSA contains four "major" components of interest. 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