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E-Commerce risks impacting on an individual ship, or to the indi- vidual. Unlike paper, this is readily achievable with an ELB and, as outlined later, any modifications required can be made remotely from the ship at, depending on the communications system available, any time. With this freedom to amend the ELB's design, Bjarne was questioned whether this technology could be regarded to be any improvement on traditional paper, i.e.. in addressing the paradigm of whether the record completed by the navigator could be believed not least by the authorities. As he explained, with any IT-based system numerous checks and balances can be applied to the information recorded. This would include, for example, the actual time a logbook entry was made, who by and where. However, with judicious use of drop down' menus in data fields to reduce the work- load and provide quick access to information, and assisting those whose English is limited, on the basis of trials conducted Bj0rkan was confident navigators would learn to routinely use the ELB as part of their operations rather than, as now, tending to scribble notes on paper to complete the logbook at some later time particularly as the display is designed to accessed using Microsoft's Internet Explorer from any bridge workstation. This does not preclude navigators making post-dated entries, including corrections; and they would be encouraged to do so if this added colour to the log. Nonetheless, once the master has conducted his or her inspection of the logbook, made whatever comments are considered necessary and signed for the record, even the most experienced computer 'hacker' would have no success trying to tamper or destroy the data not least because it will no longer just be on the ship! To ensure robustness in the ELB, the technology is designed to operate within MARlTCO's FleetMaster ship-shore communications system. FleetMaster pro- vides seamless integration between the ship's online data systems and those onshore facilitating the upload- ing of data from ship-to-shore for remote diagnosis and fault finding, with configuration change; e.g., log data field amendments, patches and updates for the ELB going in the opposite direction. However, this integration of the ELB with the owner's IT network can provide far greater benefits than were available with a paper logbook. The owner can exercise complete and controlled access to any part of the ship's logbook at any time. B j0rkan suggested, with the attention paid to the design in the communi- I Port operation - 1| Maneuvering (1) Pilot Onboard (1) Pilot Onboard (2) Anchored P) Anchor A weigh (4) Left Anchorage (5) Tugs (6) First tine Ashore (9| Tugs Cleared UJ p 0! Gangway Landed (11) Gangway Cleared f12|Ptot0tt [GO 21:46 Fixes and Lat-None -.Long-None -.Log .UKC m, GPS Source bearings H'jfWw WnuKHf. S-li.Wmtftr: j, Wettti t. Vm O. Set. 3. Btn '}i. ftf*3. Timp HO, SetTem/i: U.Oeteted due to Wmng Oats 08:29 Navigational Sleer To Ptots Advice and Captains Command Obs 08:29 Fixes and To Hots Advice - bearings 08:28 Wfeather WlndDr: NNE-02,WindFor 2. Weath: C. VIM D. Sea 3. Baro observation 1013, Temp: 20. SeaTemp: 17, m j.iaj*! Cuntrtt. jOtow I Martco 3 6 (55 37 .S 21 47 MMwMtM, > *iv .! Psaa aowWiKwafKld) 27521*6 Marisb** awOwwCou 111.0** Itl.SMCWnpCwr 'II. £*«StdConp II.MgrVK lll.CanSMCaapCou II.Mt U.TftWOjur lll.lo^HU 11.&,«C«ff*l IH.Oai 11. 2 7 21 *6 t-Srm,Fo«l wrfwwngs L* . Mw* ..LWlfl !**«-. .tJKC •>, OPS Sowws 275 1800 C*(a*i M«»co Lookot* M* oil LoeftoutM wl. OA lObuovrt vew 951513 OiXMi.Mirtro Sf*MnciMB«llo HI Wi 1651512 duly, Am or.a** 951510 AOn»*sW«».Ai'JWOH^vMV: spmdmjtae) I 27 5 13.06 AftwxtrMar AdwEfeita KmplmtOba 2751X08 t>