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Toward Environmentally Sound Warships NATO wants its ships to be good environmental neighbors while they keep the peace Substantial refit business to be had between now and 2005 By Jonathan M. Ross, P.E. Director of Engineering, Proteus Engineering At first glance, one may question the usefulness of making warships into good environmental neigh- bors. After all, given that the busi- ness of warships is to fight, envi- ronmental concerns would seem a distant priority. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) thought oth- erwise. NATO reasoned that to have their navies' ships the objects of environmental tussles would not advance their role of keeping peace through united action. And NATO's ships are quite visible, whether in homeport, visiting other nations' ports or transiting waterways placed under ever- tightening environmental restric- tions. So NATO commissioned an indus- trial advisory group to determine the feasibility of technology and conservation to meet the environ- mental laws expected to be on the books by the year 2005. The group, NIAG SWG/50, was composed of representatives of 20 companies from seven NATO nations. This article reviews present-day and projected environmental regu- lations; types of naval waste gener- ated; and waste treatment tech- nologies. Environmental Regulations The NIAG group reviewed present- day and projected national and international environmental regu- lations that may affect ships of the NATO navies. Regulations were classed as to the type of waste they addressed, namely: solid, liquid or gaseous. Present and projected solid waste environmental regulations may be summarized as follows: Plastics- No discharge presently permitted; some discharge may be permitted in the future as biodegradable plastics are developed. Paper- Discharge permitted at 148 distances beyond 12 nm from shore; this is projected to be the case in 2005 as well. Food and (biodegradable) trash- Present and projected requirement follows that direct discharge is permitted beyond 12 nm from shore; no discharge permitted closer to shore. Metal and glass- Presently dis- charge is permitted beyond 12 nm; no discharge may be per- mitted in the future. Hazardous and infectious med- ical substances- No dis- charge allowed. Chlorine- Presently there is no restriction; by the year 2005, discharge may be prohibited. Present and projected liquid waste environmental regulations may be summarized as follows: Black water- Presently, restricted types of discharge are permit- ted beyond four nm and direct discharge beyond 12 nm. Projected future practice envi- sions no discharge within 12 nm, and restricted types of dis- charge beyond 12 nm. Grey water- Direct discharge is presently permitted except for certain areas (e.g., Canada). Future requirements may per- mit restricted types of dis- charge. Oily water- No discharge is now permitted in port and restric- tions apply at sea. Future requirements are projected to be more stringent. Liquid organics- Direct dis- charge permitted (except haz- ardous organics). Future requirements projected at zero (Continued on page 86) Key As in any field, the environmental sciences have their own acronyms, a few of which are listed here: CFC Chlorofluorocarbons CO Carbon Monoxide CC>2 n Dioxide HC Unburned Hydrocarbons NOx Nitrogen Oxides ODS Ozone depleting substance SOx Sulfur Oxides VOC Volatile Organic Compounds To find out more about John Deere diesel engines for marine applications, contact one of our authorized distributors listed below: For North America contact: BELL POWER SYSTEMS, INC. 36 Plains Road, P.O. 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