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PROPULSION UPDATE OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF "ROCKING' DESIGN WRIST PIN AND BEARING Multiple Bearing and Wrist Pin Surfaces are Separated by Eccentricity e jW 90° ATDC I-"6 Connecting Bearing" Pin and _.^Sis£r.Crankshaft Bearing B . Throw c* / w Crankshaft Rotation 180" ATDC 270" ATDC •f Design Improvements In EMD's 645FB Diesel Provide Higher Horsepower, Better Fuel Economy A more efficient turbocharger, increased horsepower ratings, and traditional dependabili- ty mark the General Motors Electro-Motive Division Model "FB" Series diesels. The 645FB is a turbocharged and after- cooled, two-stroke uniflow scavenged, open com- bustion chamber, poppet valve, 45-degree Vee diesel. Cylinder bore is 230.2 mm (9'/6 inch) and stroke is 254 mm (10 inch). EMD reports the 645FB develops up to 4,000 brake horsepower at 900 rpm. This is an increase of 400 brake horsepower over the predecessor 645EC engine. To achieve the higher horse- power, the "FB" Series engines contain the following design improvements: • The turbocharger has been improved by strengthening the turbine wheel and by the addition of higher capacity gearing to the plane- tary gear train. The turbine is engine driven at light load when the energy level in the exhaust is relatively low. As exhaust energy increases at higher engine outputs, by use of an over-running clutch, the turbo becomes completely gas driv- en. Wider planetary gears with increased tooth contact area give the turbocharger a smooth torque output. • The crankcase contains features that strengthen the main bearing support frame con- nection to the base rail and air box structures. The top deck section has also been strength- ened. A wide foot "A" frame forging extends through the base rail, and an end bar area design provides additional strength. • The fuel injector has a ,500-inch-diameter plunger that provides an increased injection rate for excellent combustion and thermal efficiency. The desired fuel output was achieved by re- vising the helices of the plunger. The injector also includes the "low sac" spray tip that reduces smoke and undesirable emissions. • The exhaust valve has been strengthened to provide additional protection. • The engine cylinder retainer system is rede- signed and strengthened to increase the bolting load that retains the clyinder head and power assembly in the crankcase. As a result, the ser- vice time interval for retorquing the crab nuts has been significantly extended. • The fire ring piston design moves the top compression ring from a position of 3.18 cm (1.25 in.) below the top of the piston to a closer 1.9 cm (0.75 in.) location from the top of the piston. The piston bowl design allows greater combustion efficiency. The piston bowl is nar- rower and shallower, giving a smaller piston bowl volume. Despite the higher firing pressure produced, the temperature of the piston crown is actually lower than in previous models, thanks to a new crown structure. Many of the elements contributing to the "FB" Series' ability to generate higher horse- power have already been proven on predecessor engines. These include the rocking wrist pin and E Crankcase Thickar Top Oack / F Crankcase Main Bearing "A* Fram* /Extanded Main - } / Bearing *A* Frama ^-Thicker »•»• *»H ki —WM Frama m. if FUEL • INJECTOR J. • Larger Diameter Plunger- .500inch I a Low Sac Spray Tip u a Improves Engine • Combustion And l| Thermal Efficiency bearing assembly that alternately loads and unloads multiple bearing surfaces contained on a single wrist pin and bearing. The cylinder of the "FB" Series is GM/EMD's laser hardened port relief and upper bore de- sign. It makes use of the first known large-scale heat treatment process to use laser technology. Starting performance is significantly im- proved by the higher compression ratio of the engine. The engine can start in an ambient tem- perature of —4 degrees C to — 1 degree C (25 degrees F to 30 degrees F) range without start- ing aids. EMD states the 645 "FB" Series is the result of painstaking research and development, with particular attention paid to retaining the GM/ EMD diesel's reliability and maintainability while achieving new levels of horsepower output and fuel economy. A full-color brochure detailing all the advan- tages offered by the 645FB Series and including full specifications is available at no cost. For your free copy, Circle 25 on Reader Service Card 14 Maritime Reporter/Engineering News Heavy Turbine Wheel - High Capacity Gear Train
