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30 MTR May 2011 Passive sonar systems may be used in: • Warfare – Anti-submarine warfare, torpedoes, mines, mine countermeasures, submarines, aircraft, underwater communications, ocean surveillance, underwater security, hand-held sonar, intercept sonar • Civil –applications - Fisheries, echo sounding, net location, ship velocity measurement, ROV and UUV, vehicle location • Scientific applications – Biomass estimation, wave measurement, water velocity measurement, bottom type assessment, bottom topography measurement, sub-bot- tom profiling, synthetic aperture sonar, parametric sonar • Sonobuoy (a combination of sonar and buoy) is a rel- atively small (typically 4ôinches, or 124 mm, in diame- ter and 36 inches, or 910 mm, long) expendable sonar sys- tem that is dropped/ejected from aircraft or ships con- ducting anti-submarine warfare or underwater acoustic research. The success of piezoelectricity in sonar applications has created intense development interest in piezoelectric devices. Over the next few decades, new piezoelectric materials and new applications will be explored and devel- oped. TABLE 1 Piezoelectric Ceramic/Ceramic Composite Applications in Industries MILITARY COMMERCIAL MEDICAL SONAR Ultrasonic cleaners Ultrasonic cataract removal Hydrophones Ultrasonic welders Ultrasonic bubble detectors Sonobuoys Ultrasonic degreasers Ultrasonic therapy Depth sounders Ultrasonic touch sensors Ultrasonic transducers Targets Ultrasonic probes Insulin pumps Fuse devices Thickness gauging Fetal heart detectors SAW devices Flaw detection Flow meters Sub bottom profiling Seismic sensors Disposable patient monitors Ringers Integrated sensors Ultrasonic imaging AUTOMOTIVE Level indicators Vaporizers Knock sensors Pyroelectric detectors CONSUMER Wheel balances Ultrasonic drilling Humidifiers Radio filters Vibrators Gas grill igniters Seat belt buzzers Geophones Telephones Tread wear indicators Delay lines Smoke detectors Air Flow TV and radio resonators Microwave ovens Airbag sensors Airplane beacon locators Jewelry cleaners Fuel atomization Ignition systems Phonograph cartridges Tire pressure indicators Sensors (impact, humidity, pressure and position) Speakers Spark ignition Relays Cigarette lighters Audible alarms Ink printing Lighting security Keyless door entry Alarm systems Musical instruments Interior light movement Structural health monitoring Ultrasonic sewing COMPUTER Strain gauges Squiggle motors for camera phones Micro actuators for hard disk Smart materials for aircraft wing Electronic shock absorbers for skies Transformers for Notebook Precision mechanics Robots and toys Semiconductor Equipment HVDC Building Control systems Toys Micro and Nano Lithography Noise and vibration damping Microphones Data storage components Non-destructive testing Headphones Print heads Vibration measurements Beepers in watches and other electronics
